This research article examines LEGAL discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with LEGAL frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian LEGAL system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the LEGAL status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian LEGAL system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on LEGAL challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Background: In the Law on registration of deeds and real estate, the definition of official document and the scope of inclusion of official documents are different from civil law, and these definitions create different interpretations and effects in society and how to deal with LEGAL issues and problems. Resolving LEGAL deficiencies in answering accidental questions that occur in the community, especially notaries, requires newer arguments or more up-to-date and dynamic interpretations. Therefore, the present study decided to examine the LEGAL loopholes in the field of official documents in Iran and its ethical implications. Conclusion: In order to achieve the goal in the present study, after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, the moral and LEGAL gaps of the official documents were explained. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of approval of up-to-date laws and the silence of the legislature and the mismatch of current LEGAL practices and events in society with the old laws and the complete non-compliance of laws with all the needs and LEGAL issues of the day, including LEGAL loopholes. Official documents are considered to have moral and LEGAL CONSEQUENCEs, such as disagreement over the interpretation of laws, the formation of different procedures in the preparation of documents in notaries, the increase in the number of lawsuits between different segments of society, mistrust and lack of security.

Background: In the Law on registration of deeds and real estate, the definition of official document and the scope of inclusion of official documents are different from civil law, and these definitions create different interpretations and effects in society and how to deal with LEGAL issues and problems. Resolving LEGAL deficiencies in answering accidental questions that occur in the community, especially notaries, requires newer arguments or more up-to-date and dynamic interpretations. Therefore, the present study decided to examine the LEGAL loopholes in the field of official documents in Iran and its ethical implications. Conclusion: In order to achieve the goal in the present study, after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, the moral and LEGAL gaps of the official documents were explained. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of approval of up-to-date laws and the silence of the legislature and the mismatch of current LEGAL practices and events in society with the old laws and the complete non-compliance of laws with all the needs and LEGAL issues of the day, including LEGAL loopholes. Official documents are considered to have moral and LEGAL CONSEQUENCEs, such as disagreement over the interpretation of laws, the formation of different procedures in the preparation of documents in notaries, the increase in the number of lawsuits between different segments of society, mistrust and lack of security.

Background: Today, obesity is a key healthcare problem on a global scale including Iran. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Hormozgan province, Iran to propose effective healthcare programs and strategies to reduce this dilemma in future. Objectives: The current study conducted in the South of Iran aimed at exploring the prevalence of overweigh and obesity in males and females in terms of social variables affected by demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, smoking, and physical activity. Methods: In the current cross sectional, observational study, a sample of 5000 eligible males and females above 18 years old were selected based on a multi-stratified clustering sampling method. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of variables such as weight, height, drug consumption, and physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The present study findings revealed that 31. 8% of the population in Hormozgan province was overweight, while only 15. 2% were obese. The highest percentage of obesity (18. 3%) was observed among the subjects aged 35-44 years. The prevalence of obesity among females was higher in urban population. Conclusions: The current study results showed that the urban married middle-aged females had the highest rate of obesity, which requires appropriate educational planning and utilization of efficient models in the realm of females’ health.

Competition law is a newcomer to the LEGAL system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

The traditional event tree analysis uses a single probability to represent each top event. However, it is unrealistic to evaluate the occurrence of each event by using a crisp value without considering the inherent uncertainty and imprecision a state has. The fuzzy set theory is universally applied to deal with this kind of phenomena. The main purpose of this study is to construct an easy method to evaluate human errors and integrate them into event tree analysis by using fuzzy concepts. A systematic fuzzy event tree analysis algorithm is developed to evaluate the risk of a largescale system. A practical example in of offshore oil pipeline is used to demonstrate this procedure.